{"id":8569,"date":"2020-10-07T06:06:22","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T10:06:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/?p=8569"},"modified":"2023-07-24T14:38:54","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T18:38:54","slug":"four-principles-of-aikido","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/four-principles-of-aikido\/","title":{"rendered":"Four Principles of Aikido"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||18px|||&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; min_height=&#8221;325px&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">By Antonio Aloia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At the heart of aikido lies something more than just martial technique or a peaceful and harmonizing philosophy. What lies beneath the surface of normal and routine aikido training is budo \u2013 the martial way. Budo is not a martial technique or a particular style; it is the essence of one\u2019s character and a way of life. Aikido reflects this idea of budo in its core philosophy. It is not just aikido that demonstrates budo however, but all modern Japanese martial arts, all <em>gendai <\/em>budo. Judo and karate-do share similar philosophical points with some of aikido\u2019s core beliefs, yet their methods are different \u2013 one mountaintop but different pathways to the same peak. Within these differing methods, all help create a sense of character, a sense of self, and a sense of purpose in the budoka. At the core of these philosophies are four principles that not only build upon one another but can apply themselves in both the dojo and everyday life: <em>masakatsu agatsu, mushin<\/em>, non-resistance, and <em>randori<\/em>. Courtesy and etiquette weave through these principles, forming a complete concept of character. Furthermore, these four principles, along with courtesy and etiquette, are elements of budo\u2019s life-enriching philosophy which brought the early American aikido and martial arts pioneers to their respective arts. These elements of budo drove them not only continue learning but also to teach and disseminate their arts to the greater community at large.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;1_4,3_4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;3px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;1_4&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Calligraphy-SAikido-Comes-to-America.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Calligraphy &#8211; SAikido Comes to America&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Calligraphy&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/japanese-okinawan-martial-arts-welcome\/aikido-comes-to-america\/&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;3_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The first principle, masakatsu agatsu, translates to \u201ctrue victory is self-victory.\u201d In John Steven\u2019s 2013 book, masakatsu agatsu is a \u201ctriumph over one\u2019s inner demons.\u201d Likewise, O-Sensei explained that aikido is a vehicle to \u201clearn about ourselves,\u201d showing the way to \u201cself-victory,\u201d and the \u201cideal state of perfection and completion.\u201d O-Sensei said, \u201cin the Art of Peace, we never attack. An attack is proof that one is out of control.\u201d If one is \u201cout of control,\u201d then they do not know themselves well enough to not strike first and moves away from attaining the concept of budo. Karate-do has a similar philosophy on attacking. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">These four principles \u2013 masakatsu agatsu, mushin, non-resistance, and randori \u2013 form the content and the methods for which the budoka can control not only themselves, but situations outside of themselves. These are just the raw materials that need to be polished to create gems. By including courtesy and etiquette to the above principles, the budoka creates a stronger character and sense of self. Damon Young asserts that the combination of Japanese Shintoism, Zen Buddhism, and Confucianism created the reigi (etiquette) and teinei (courtesy\/politeness) that is apparent in all forms of budo. Likewise, Californian pioneer Frank Doran stresses that aikido and other traditional martial arts provide a reference point for manners and courtesy in everyday life, stating that courtesy and consideration are some of the \u201caspects [of the] Japanese culture that [Americans are] really drawn to.\u201d Florida aikidoka Todd Jones agrees with Doran, saying that the \u201cvirtues espoused [by traditional martial arts] are generally compatible with Judeo-Christian ethics,\u201d the fundamental cornerstones in American ethics.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;493px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-17px|auto||auto||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;4px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||-17px|||&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Therefore, having good morals and ethics is something that is not inherently Japanese, but universal. Young draws a comparison to the Japanese due to Aristotle\u2019s (384-322 BCE) ethos. Ethos, much like the do, encompasses one\u2019s \u201clife as a whole,\u201d and requires an \u201congoing engagement with the world at large\u201d to obtain all the \u201cappropriate virtues in relation to others.\u201d In other words, being a better person takes a lifetime to hone. Aristotle\u2019s ethos, in this respect, could be the West\u2019s version of Confucianism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">From this then, Doran argues that Americans are short on the do, or the ethos in their own lives. The evidence presents itself in web articles entitled \u201cA Lack of Manners in the Younger Generation,\u201d \u201cThe Lack of Manners in Today\u2019s Society,\u201d \u201cDisrespect is a Growing Problem in Society,\u201d and others like them cite people\u2019s growing selfishness and lack of empathy and respect towards others. From this, according to Yoshinkan aikido pioneer Sam Combes, some Americans are drawn to the organized discipline and \u201crespectful attitudes.\u201d Aikido Shimbokukai leader Lisa Tomoleoni and Aikido Center of Atlanta dojo-cho George Kennedy refer to these \u201crespectful attitudes\u201d as the life-enriching experiences they themselves experienced in their own training. Florida aikidoka George Clark concludes that the continuous training in martial arts is not to control others, but to control one\u2019s self through masakatsu agatsu, saying, \u201cone must learn self-respect before respecting others.\u201d Traditional martial arts, like those of aikido, judo, and karate-do, create positive effects on the budoka and essentially offers the budoka a template to build a better sense of self. According to Jim Lantz\u2019s 2002 article, martial arts helped increase self-confidence, self-respect, concentration, moral development, ways to overcome challenges, respect for life, build and maintain friendships and a sense community, and self-control in adolescents to grown adults. In Jikkemien Vertonghen\u2019s and Marc Theeboom\u2019s 2010 historiographical article, the duo concludes that earlier research coincides with more recent research, resulting in \u201cpositive effects, going from a higher level of self-regulation and an increased psychological well-being, to a decreased violence level\u201d in budoka.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; column_structure=&#8221;2_5,3_5&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;3px||10px|||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; min_height=&#8221;612px&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;2_5&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Aikido-Comes-to-America-cover-scaled.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Aikido Comes to America %91Tambuli Media%93&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/japanese-okinawan-martial-arts-welcome\/aikido-comes-to-america\/&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Cover&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;|-32px||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;56px|||||&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;3_5&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||0px||&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">These positive effects, the four principles, courtesy, and etiquette found in training create many reasons for Americans to enroll themselves in the martial arts. As mentioned in the \u201cAikido Comes to America\u201d chapter, America has held a fascination with the Far East and Japan since the nineteenth century, coming to a head in the 1980s. Chen Kangling comments on America\u2019s fascination with Japan in his 2014 article, asserting that Japanese culture grew in the United States because \u201cJapanese [culture] has become fused with American pop culture.\u201d Kangling further explains that Americans embraced the products of Japanese culture \u2013 anime, food, martial arts, and aspects of the culture itself \u2013 because \u201cthese have attracted attention and enriched lives.\u201d Tomoleoni agrees that her martial art, aikido, \u201cbrings a richness to [my] life, and enhances [my] life.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span>These positive effects, the four principles, courtesy, and etiquette found in training create many reasons for Americans to enroll themselves in the martial arts. As mentioned in the \u201cAikido Comes to America\u201d chapter, America has held a fascination with the Far East and Japan since the nineteenth century, coming to a head in the 1980s. Chen Kangling comments on America\u2019s fascination with Japan in his 2014 article, asserting that Japanese culture grew in the United States because \u201cJapanese [culture] has become fused with American pop culture.\u201d Kangling further explains that Americans embraced the products of Japanese culture \u2013 anime, food, martial arts, and aspects of the culture itself \u2013 because \u201cthese have attracted attention and enriched lives.\u201d Tomoleoni agrees that her martial art, aikido, \u201cbrings a richness to [my] life, and enhances [my] life.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto|-43px|auto||&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_cta title=&#8221;Learn More About Antonio Aloia&#8217;s New Book!&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Click Here&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/japanese-okinawan-martial-arts-welcome\/aikido-comes-to-america\/&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-22px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||13px|||&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#0c71c3&#8243;]<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u201cA very well-documented biography of Aikido and its founder\/nurturers in the United States. No one has done this before in this manner and it\u2019s a worthwhile read. The book also brought back a lot of good memories and I learned things about some of my \u2018cohorts\u2019 I had never known before.\u201d<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ffff00;\"><strong><em>\u2013 George Kirby, Founder of Budoshin Jujitsu<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aikido&#8217;s four principles form the content and the methods for which the budoka can control not only themselves, but situations outside of themselves.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"template-page-builder.php","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"footnotes":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[320279954,320279203,320279148,320279801],"tags":[320279211,320279802,320279262,320279803,320279213,320279255,320279804,320279210],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Four Principles of Aikido - Tambuli Media<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aikido&#039;s four principles form the content and the methods for which the budoka can control not only themselves, but situations outside of themselves.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/four-principles-of-aikido\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Four Principles of Aikido - Tambuli Media\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aikido&#039;s four principles form the content and the methods for which the budoka can control not only themselves, but situations outside of themselves.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/four-principles-of-aikido\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tambuli Media\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TambuliMedia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TambuliMedia\/?ref=bookmarks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-07T10:06:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-24T18:38:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Ueshiba-Crop.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tambuli Media\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tambuli Media\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/four-principles-of-aikido\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/four-principles-of-aikido\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tambuli Media\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/0ee08e0c154d0f3322dd8cc74ceb2ef5\"},\"headline\":\"Four Principles of Aikido\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-07T10:06:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-24T18:38:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/four-principles-of-aikido\/\"},\"wordCount\":1567,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tambulimedia.com\/four-principles-of-aikido\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tambulimedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Ueshiba-Crop.jpg?fit=600%2C400&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"Aikido\",\"Antonio Aloia\",\"budo\",\"George Kirby\",\"Japanese martial art\",\"Morihei Ueshiba\",\"Stanley Prannin\",\"Ueshiba\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Martial Arts\",\"BUDO - Karate &amp; 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